Nitric Oxide Production in Cytokine Activated Macrophages Lab Report

Nitric Oxide Production in Cytokine Activated Macrophages - lab Report ExampleApoptosis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in a quash of physiological systems. NO can cause apoptosis to be induced in various cells including immune cells and tumor cells. Excessive and prolonged production of NO can trigger secondary damage of normal tissues. Therefore, the NO-secreting and set forth macrophages needs to die or revert back to a resting state in order to interrupt damaging of normal tissues (Tsujimoto, & Shimizu, 2005). Activation induced apoptosis is the mechanism involving the removal of immunologically stimulated cells to help confine injury of normal tissues and to promote immunologic tolerance. IL-2, one of the major cytokine, which is secreted from an activated lymphocyte during inflammatory or immune responses, can trigger various immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes to produce a overplus of cytokines including TNF-, TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-1 . (Tsujimoto, & Shimizu, 2005). These cytokines can potentially induce responding cells for instance macrophages to synthesize and produce high NO nitrite levels from l-arginine through the pull through of the enzyme called inducible nitric oxide synthase. In this study, the focus was ascertaining the impact of the cytokines on the rate of synthesis and production of NO from macrophages (Hu, & Brindle, 2005).In relating the optical density to the levels of nitrite, volumes of standardized sodium nitrite solution 50g/ml) was added to culture medium. It was observed that growth in the volume of Volume of 50g/ml standard added to 0.5ml culture medium caused a corresponding increase in Optical density (OD) as depicted in table 01 and chart 01.The results of this experiment indicate that cytokines have an impact on the production of NO by macrophages. The higher the number of cytokines used the higher the Optical density appraises hence the higher production of NO. The value for OD w as lowest (OD=0.057)